DYES OR PIGMENTS USED IN PRINTING
The selection of colorants of printing is very important terms for printing history. The earliest colorants used in printing were undoubtedly mineral pigments, but the style dyeing was also in early use in printing. Today the availability of a wide range of excellent organic pigments and of reliable pigment binders gets in printing market and has led to the increased importance of pigment printing. More than 50% of the world’s textile prints were pigment-printed in 1990 of printing history. The substantial importance of polyester/cellulosic (cotton, jute, flex, hemp) blends has increased their use, because of the complexity of printing these substrates with dyes.
It has proved possible to reduce, though not to eliminate, the extra costs of printing attached to the general use of dyes, due to their requirement of steam fixation and after-washing. In 1984, Schofield recorded the impact of changes in dyes over a 50 year period. Reactive dyes now account for 25% of print colorants, disperse dyes 10%, vat dyes 9% and azoics 3%. In all dye ranges a high priority has been given to selection for ‘robustness’, or the ability of a dye to give reproducible results due to low sensitivity to likely variations in conditions. The tasks facing colorists in the early years of the century were far harder than those of their successors today but their achievements, as judged by prints to be seen in the museums, were highly creditable.
The development of printing techniques from the earliest days has been reviewed. In the further articles those techniques now will substantial use is considered in detail. Here we must examine the surface and intaglio techniques in sufficient detail for an appreciation of their past and present value.
The selection of colorants of printing is very important terms for printing history. The earliest colorants used in printing were undoubtedly mineral pigments, but the style dyeing was also in early use in printing. Today the availability of a wide range of excellent organic pigments and of reliable pigment binders gets in printing market and has led to the increased importance of pigment printing. More than 50% of the world’s textile prints were pigment-printed in 1990 of printing history. The substantial importance of polyester/cellulosic (cotton, jute, flex, hemp) blends has increased their use, because of the complexity of printing these substrates with dyes.
It has proved possible to reduce, though not to eliminate, the extra costs of printing attached to the general use of dyes, due to their requirement of steam fixation and after-washing. In 1984, Schofield recorded the impact of changes in dyes over a 50 year period. Reactive dyes now account for 25% of print colorants, disperse dyes 10%, vat dyes 9% and azoics 3%. In all dye ranges a high priority has been given to selection for ‘robustness’, or the ability of a dye to give reproducible results due to low sensitivity to likely variations in conditions. The tasks facing colorists in the early years of the century were far harder than those of their successors today but their achievements, as judged by prints to be seen in the museums, were highly creditable.
The development of printing techniques from the earliest days has been reviewed. In the further articles those techniques now will substantial use is considered in detail. Here we must examine the surface and intaglio techniques in sufficient detail for an appreciation of their past and present value.
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